Measuring trade flows of sintered NdFeB magnets and Li-ion batteries: reported vs. embedded US imports

Abstract Sintered neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are essential in a number of clean energy technologies such as electric vehicles wind turbines. The United States (US) has some manufacturing capacity for Li-ion almost no producing sintered NdFeB magnets. As result, the US imports significant quantities these Trade statistics on imported magnets, however, include only those materials form (referred to here reported imports) exclude embedded intermediate final products hard disk drives, motors, vehicles, turbines imports). This paper develops original estimates batteries, leading more complete picture than looking at alone. It that 90% magnet were 2021. In contrast, battery themselves rather products.